Irrigation is the supply of cultivated land with water in order to promote the growth of plants and to replace missing rain. Surface irrigation systems, also known as furrow or stripe use gravity. Water is supplied through canals and ditches of different sizes. Watering itself then takes place by runoff, flooding or infiltration.
The mechanical sprinkler system mimics the effect of rainfall water supplied under pressure through hoses; water is propelled into the air as droplets, which fall on the plants. The technique can be broken down into micro spray, similar to the previous but more localized and therefore more efficient.
On the other hand, ancient ways of watering channels is falling into disuse in the developed world; governments are encouraging people to switch to other methods. Young orange trees may necessitate the combination of traditional irrigation with drip system, in order to optimize the benefits in terms of plant growth.
Sprinkler or drip equipment connected to computerized systems can regulate amount, humidity and fertilization used. The drip system is very suitable for places where water is scarce. To implement an efficient irrigation system, users should carefully consider the water-plant-soil matrix. There is also the exudative textile system, which was created in the '80s by the French winemaker Rene Petit, who concluded that the existing systems had severe limitations and drawbacks due to its design and they were restricted by the material used in manufacture.
Irrigation and drainage manage water sources to promote agricultural production. The impact depends on the type of water source (surface or underground), its storage form, the transmission and distribution systems, and methods of delivery or field application. For a long time, surface water (primarily rivers) were used for this purpose.
However, the mechanism needs higher initial investment. The drip variant was first tested in Germany in 1860 and in the U. S. In 1918 through porous or perforated pipes buried underground. The system proved expensive for the kind of pipes that were used and had clogging problems because the roots of plants plug outputs.
Arguably, drip irrigation as is known today, began in England after World War II, in greenhouses, nurseries and gardening, its microtubes were used as emitters. However, it is in the sixties, in Israel, when its expansion started after perfecting techniques extrusion and injection molding of plastics. Thus, Israel was one of pioneers of research and development of this type of equipment for the arid, semi-arid and desert areas.
Localized watering mechanisms came about as a major technological improvement, thus contributing to greater productivity. It involves a profound change within the application systems to ground water, to the point that can be considered as a new technique of agricultural production practices. Its main features include application of water to the ground from a source that may be considered timely, infiltrates the soil and moves in horizontal and vertical direction. This differs substantially from traditional mechanisms in which gravity forces predominate and thus the vertical movement.
The mechanical sprinkler system mimics the effect of rainfall water supplied under pressure through hoses; water is propelled into the air as droplets, which fall on the plants. The technique can be broken down into micro spray, similar to the previous but more localized and therefore more efficient.
On the other hand, ancient ways of watering channels is falling into disuse in the developed world; governments are encouraging people to switch to other methods. Young orange trees may necessitate the combination of traditional irrigation with drip system, in order to optimize the benefits in terms of plant growth.
Sprinkler or drip equipment connected to computerized systems can regulate amount, humidity and fertilization used. The drip system is very suitable for places where water is scarce. To implement an efficient irrigation system, users should carefully consider the water-plant-soil matrix. There is also the exudative textile system, which was created in the '80s by the French winemaker Rene Petit, who concluded that the existing systems had severe limitations and drawbacks due to its design and they were restricted by the material used in manufacture.
Irrigation and drainage manage water sources to promote agricultural production. The impact depends on the type of water source (surface or underground), its storage form, the transmission and distribution systems, and methods of delivery or field application. For a long time, surface water (primarily rivers) were used for this purpose.
However, the mechanism needs higher initial investment. The drip variant was first tested in Germany in 1860 and in the U. S. In 1918 through porous or perforated pipes buried underground. The system proved expensive for the kind of pipes that were used and had clogging problems because the roots of plants plug outputs.
Arguably, drip irrigation as is known today, began in England after World War II, in greenhouses, nurseries and gardening, its microtubes were used as emitters. However, it is in the sixties, in Israel, when its expansion started after perfecting techniques extrusion and injection molding of plastics. Thus, Israel was one of pioneers of research and development of this type of equipment for the arid, semi-arid and desert areas.
Localized watering mechanisms came about as a major technological improvement, thus contributing to greater productivity. It involves a profound change within the application systems to ground water, to the point that can be considered as a new technique of agricultural production practices. Its main features include application of water to the ground from a source that may be considered timely, infiltrates the soil and moves in horizontal and vertical direction. This differs substantially from traditional mechanisms in which gravity forces predominate and thus the vertical movement.
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