Sewage water is drawn from residences and commercial buildings. The sources of domestic wastewater include the toilet, laundry, dishwashers, plumbing fixtures, and so on. In the commercial setting the water comes from a wide range or sources including manufacturing plants, restaurants, hospitals, and so on. In a sewage water treatment system, water (comprising about 90% of the effluent) is separated from the solid waste before being reused or disposed of.
The guidelines that govern the installation of treatment plants differ from one place to another. You will be well advised to consult with the local authorities in your area to find out what applies in your case. A majority of on-site systems comprise two stages of treatment. Regional treatment plants (such as those that serve townships or cities) are more advanced and have four stages.
In the first stage, also known as the primary stage, large objects are removed using fine screens. These typically include wood, plastic and rags. Aeration is then done to remove the fine particles which mainly comprise grit and sand. More solid waste is removed through the process of sedimentation. The solid that settles at the bottom of the tanks is referred to as sludge.
The secondary stage is mainly concerned with removal of organic waste. This is done in large tanks known as digesters. The digesters contain aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that are capable of breaking down the material and reducing the nutritional content of the effluent. Sedimentation is repeated to reduce the concentration of solid particles further. The resultant water, secondary effluent, is then pumped to a holding pond.
The tertiary stage helps in optimizing on the effects of the other stages by use of biological filters. These filters reduce organic content further and also help to reduce the levels of grease, oil, foam and ammonia. The effluent is disinfected using chlorine, UV radiation and ozone. Collectively, these process help to improve on the color and to eliminate odor. The water from this stage is considered safe for disposal.
There are a number of differences in treatment systems but overall the results are more or less the same. One of the fundamental differences that exist is the use of enzymes rather than microorganisms in some of the systems. In the enzyme system of filtration, a blend of enzymes are added to the wastewater at the secondary and tertiary stages to help breakdown the organic matter.
A number of disadvantages have been seen with the use of enzymes as opposed to microorganisms in the treatment process. One of the disadvantages is the fact that this process is less effective compared to those based on microorganisms. This is because it may not be possible to have all the enzymes required to breakdown all the organic matter in the effluent. Microorganisms can easily synthesize all the enzymes required. The other disadvantage is that the enzyme system is more expensive.
The two main options of sewage water treatment include installation of an onsite plant or connection to the main sewerage line in the administrative region. The advanced, four stage plant requires a lot of expertise to put up and maintain. For this reason, most people are contented with a simpler, two-stage system. One will be well advised to update themselves on the guidelines that apply to the installation process.
The guidelines that govern the installation of treatment plants differ from one place to another. You will be well advised to consult with the local authorities in your area to find out what applies in your case. A majority of on-site systems comprise two stages of treatment. Regional treatment plants (such as those that serve townships or cities) are more advanced and have four stages.
In the first stage, also known as the primary stage, large objects are removed using fine screens. These typically include wood, plastic and rags. Aeration is then done to remove the fine particles which mainly comprise grit and sand. More solid waste is removed through the process of sedimentation. The solid that settles at the bottom of the tanks is referred to as sludge.
The secondary stage is mainly concerned with removal of organic waste. This is done in large tanks known as digesters. The digesters contain aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that are capable of breaking down the material and reducing the nutritional content of the effluent. Sedimentation is repeated to reduce the concentration of solid particles further. The resultant water, secondary effluent, is then pumped to a holding pond.
The tertiary stage helps in optimizing on the effects of the other stages by use of biological filters. These filters reduce organic content further and also help to reduce the levels of grease, oil, foam and ammonia. The effluent is disinfected using chlorine, UV radiation and ozone. Collectively, these process help to improve on the color and to eliminate odor. The water from this stage is considered safe for disposal.
There are a number of differences in treatment systems but overall the results are more or less the same. One of the fundamental differences that exist is the use of enzymes rather than microorganisms in some of the systems. In the enzyme system of filtration, a blend of enzymes are added to the wastewater at the secondary and tertiary stages to help breakdown the organic matter.
A number of disadvantages have been seen with the use of enzymes as opposed to microorganisms in the treatment process. One of the disadvantages is the fact that this process is less effective compared to those based on microorganisms. This is because it may not be possible to have all the enzymes required to breakdown all the organic matter in the effluent. Microorganisms can easily synthesize all the enzymes required. The other disadvantage is that the enzyme system is more expensive.
The two main options of sewage water treatment include installation of an onsite plant or connection to the main sewerage line in the administrative region. The advanced, four stage plant requires a lot of expertise to put up and maintain. For this reason, most people are contented with a simpler, two-stage system. One will be well advised to update themselves on the guidelines that apply to the installation process.
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